Interesting facts about quantum computers

Interesting facts about Quantum Computers

"Hello friends i'm Abhishek Jha welcome to my blog <science, computer and gaming zone>. Today we will know about Quantum Computer that is interesting."

what is Quantum Computer? and it's history.

Quantum computer is computer using quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement. A quantum computer is a device that performs quantum computing. They are different from binary digital electronic computers based on transistors. Whereas common digital computing requires that the data be encoded into binary digits (bits), each of which is always in one of two definite states (0 or 1), quantum computation uses quantum bits, which can be in superposition of states. A quantum Turing machine is a theoretical model of such a computer, and is also known as the universal quantum computer. The field of quantum computing was initiated by the work of Paul Benioff and Yuri Manin in 1980, Richard Feynman in 1982, and David Deutsch in 1985.

Interesting facts about Quantum Computer

1.)) Atoms vs Silicon Transistors

While conventional computers rely on a huge number of transistors to achieve the highest computing speed possible, quantum computers use atoms and subatomic particles as their physical system.

So far, scientists have used different microscopic particles (such as ions, electrons and photons) as a medium for Qubits.

2.)) Calculation Speed

This strange superposition phenomenon gives quantum processors extreme speed capabilities. A quantum computer could solve calculations that would take a conventional supercomputer thousands or millions of years in a matter of seconds.

And recently, researchers have shown that quantum computers speed may have fewer limits than previously thought.

3.)) Security Redefined

The speed of quantum computer is also a serious concern in the field of encryption and cryptography. Today’s world’s financial security systems are based on factoring large numbers (RSA or DSA algorithms) that literally cannot be cracked by conventional computers within the life span of Earth. However, a quantum computer could factor the numbers in a reasonable period of time.

On the other hand, quantum computers will be able to provide unbreakable security features. They can lock the crucial data (such as, online transaction, email accounts) with far better encryption.
Many algorithms have been developed for quantum computers – most well known are Grover’s algorithm for searching an unstructured database and Shor’s algorithm for factoring large numbers.

4.)) Power Efficient

Power consumption is the critical factor of any device running on electricity. A huge array of processors need a hefty amount of power supply to sustain their performance. The fastest supercomputer in the world, Sunday (as of April, 2017) consumes 15.37 MW of power.

However, it gets fascinating with quantum computers. Since they use quantum tunneling, they will reduce the power consumption by a factor of 100 to 1000.

5.)) Problem Solving Skills

Quantum computers can run classical algorithms, however, for efficient results, they use algorithms that seem inherently quantum, or use some features of quantum computation like quantum entanglement or quantum superposition.

Undecidable class problems remain undecidable in quantum computing. What makes quantum algorithm fascinating is that they will be able to solve problems faster than classical algorithms. They can solve traveling salesman problem in seconds which takes 30 minutes in conventional computers.

Moreover, a quantum computer can help discover distant planets, precision weather forecasting, detect cancer earlier, and develop more effective drug by analyzing DNA sequencing data.

6.)) A.I Game Changer

The artificial intelligence is in the beginning-phase. Today’s advanced robot can walk into a room, recognize material, shape and moving bodies, but lacks the factors that make them really intelligent. Quantum computers are way better in the field of information processing – with 300 bits, we would be able to map the entire universe.

Quantum computers would be able to exponentially speed up the rate of machine learning operations, reducing the time from hundreds of thousands of years to mere seconds.

To measure the distance between two large vectors of 1 Zettabyte size, a conventional computer with a GHz clock rate will take hundreds of thousands of years. Whereas, a GHz clock rate quantum computer (if build in the future) will take only about a second after vectors are entangled with the ancillary qubit.

*Some Fascinating Facts and Discoveries

7.)) Quantum computing was first mentioned by Richard Feynman in 1959 in his famous lecture ‘There is plenty of room at the bottom’. He considered the possibility of manipulating individual atoms as an enhanced form of synthetic chemistry.

8.)) The world’s first quantum key distribution protocol, BB84, was developed by IBM researchers Gillies Brassard and Charles Bennett in 1984. It’s a technique of securely sending a private key from one point to another for use in one-time pad encryption.

9.)) In February 2018, physicists came up with a new form of light, which involves three-photon bound states in a quantum nonlinear medium, that could drive the quantum computing revolution.

10.)) In March 2018, the Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab — run by the Universities Space Research Association, NASA and Google — released a 72-qubit processor named Bristlecone.

11.)) A realistic model of quantum computation runs on quantum algorithms, which can be categorized by the type of problem they solve or technique/ideas they use. Currently, we have algorithms based on amplitude amplification, quantum Fourier transform, and hybrid quantum algorithms.

12.)) Several different candidates are being pursued to physically implement a quantum machine. Among them, the most popular ones are –

• Superconducting and trapped-ion quantum computer
• Spin-based and spatial-based quantum dot
• Diamond-based quantum computer
• Cavity quantum electrodynamics
• Molecular magnet

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